There's definitely a separation between the political moniker "Garlean" and the racial one, but Garlemald's core does seem to be made up of people who are racially Garlean.
Also I was really glad about the lore book subtly confirming that Ishgardian Elezen are their own sub-race? Headcanon definitely confirmed. TBH, there's probably more that objectively differentiates two similar-looking elezen across Ishgardian/non-Ishgardian lines than there is that objectively differentiates two similar-looking elezen across Wildwood/Duskwight lines...
Also I was really glad about the lore book subtly confirming that Ishgardian Elezen are their own sub-race? Headcanon definitely confirmed. TBH, there's probably more that objectively differentiates two similar-looking elezen across Ishgardian/non-Ishgardian lines than there is that objectively differentiates two similar-looking elezen across Wildwood/Duskwight lines...