While not exactly in line with your question, there was another thread found here which covered the Eorzean city-state's political structures, including some of their law enforcement methods. It's vague, but there's not a ton to go on. Every city-state is vastly different in their legal and law enforcement system, so picking each apart would be quite a task.
A few things I can list off the top of my head that are illegal in all/most city states:
-Consorting with the Void.
-Black Magic
-Consorting with beast tribes. (Exception: perfectly acceptable in Limsa Lominsa!)
-Murder (Debatable in Limsa... from certain lore texts.)
-Slave Trade
-Treason
There's a lot more things, but like I said that would be a really really long post trying to go into 1.0 and find a bunch of crimes/punishments. Gridania has the law of the Wood's elementals. Ul'dah is ruled by coin and those who have the most of it. Limsa Lominsa is a former free-state now ruled over by martial law, so it's Merlwyb's word. Ishgard /was/ ruled by the Halonic Church and its doctrine. There are reforms coming to that city-state which are expounded upon in recent patches.
Hope that helps a little at least! ^^;
A few things I can list off the top of my head that are illegal in all/most city states:
-Consorting with the Void.
-Black Magic
-Consorting with beast tribes. (Exception: perfectly acceptable in Limsa Lominsa!)
-Murder (Debatable in Limsa... from certain lore texts.)
-Slave Trade
-Treason
There's a lot more things, but like I said that would be a really really long post trying to go into 1.0 and find a bunch of crimes/punishments. Gridania has the law of the Wood's elementals. Ul'dah is ruled by coin and those who have the most of it. Limsa Lominsa is a former free-state now ruled over by martial law, so it's Merlwyb's word. Ishgard /was/ ruled by the Halonic Church and its doctrine. There are reforms coming to that city-state which are expounded upon in recent patches.
Hope that helps a little at least! ^^;
